Bulk modulus B is defined as the ratio of stress to strain.
B = - DP / (DV
/ V0)
Values below are given at room temperatures.
Substance |
(Pa) |
Air |
1.0 x 105 |
Aluminum |
70 x 109 |
Benzene |
1.0 x 109 |
Brass |
70 x 109 |
Carbon disulfide |
1.1 x 109 |
Compact Bone |
12 x 109 |
Copper |
140 x 109 |
Diamond |
620 x 109 |
Ethyl alcohol |
.9 x 109 |
Glass |
40 x 109 |
Glycerine |
4.5 x 109 |
Granite |
50 x 109 |
Iron (cast) |
60 x 109 |
Iron (wrought) |
60 x 109 |
Lead (rolled) |
8 x 109 |
Machine Oil |
1.3 x 109 |
Marble |
70 x 109 |
Mercury |
25 x 109 |
Oil, lubricating |
1.7 x 109 |
Pine |
3 x 109 |
Polystyrene |
5 x 109 |
Quartz |
35 x 109 |
Sea Water |
2.1 x 109 |
Rubber |
3 x 109 |
Steel (stainless) |
70 x 109 |
Steel (structural) |
160 x 109 |
Tungsten |
200 x 109 |
Kerosene |
1.3 x 109 |
Water |
2 x 109 |